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Types of Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are often not easy to recognize. It is not the type of illness that shows any outward signs. It is a disorder that affects an individual’s ability to recognize and interpret the things they see and hear and then be able to connect the information from the right side of the brain. These disabilities tend to manifest themselves in different ways. Many times these learning disabilities can be a lifelong condition.

Types of Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities can generally be divided into five categories. In having these categories it makes it easier to treat a child’s learning disabilities and determine if it is really a learning disability or just a child who is a little slower in developing their skills.

1. Dyslexia - Dyslexia is a type of developmental reading disorder. Dyslexia is common and widespread in the population. It affects approximately two to eight percent of school age children. In order to read a person must be able to do many things at the same time; you have to be able to read the printed work and control your eye movements on the material, you have to recognize the sounds that are associated with certain letters, you have to understand words and grammar, you must have an ability to construct ideas and images and compare what you know to those ideas and retain that information in your memory. Children with dyslexia find it difficult to understand or separate sounds in the spoken language. However, many children learn techniques that can help them overcome their dyslexia.

2. Dyscalculia-  Dyscalculia is a type of developmental arithmetic disorder. Many times this learning disability appears later in a child’s life. Dyscalculia is when a child is unable to solve arithmetic problems. With arithmetic problems a child has to be able to recognize numbers and symbols and be able to perform certain tasks. Children with this disorder have problems putting numbers in order, and understanding the issues of value.

3. Dysgraphia- Dysgraphia is a type of developmental writing disorder. This learning disability is one in which a child is unable to form letters or write words. Writing disorders involve the use of several different areas of the brain. The brain must be able to connect vocabulary, grammar, hand movements, and memory. All of these things must be connected in order to continue to work. At times children are unable to learn how to recognize these sequences of sounds in a word and have issues with the language.

4. Auditory and Visual Processing Disorder- It is a disability that occurs when a child has problems understanding language even thou they have normal vision and hearing. A child mixes up works and sentences while they are talking.

5. Nonverbal Learning Disorder- This type of disability is often referred to as dyspraxia. This is one in which a child does not develop their motor coordination, visual organization of words, and their social skills. They are two types of dyspraxia: ideational and ideo-motor. Ideational dyspraxia is when a child has difficulty with planning a sequence of coordinated movements. Ideo-Motor is when a child has difficulty with executing something. Dyspraxia falls into four main sections: speech and language, handwriting and drawing, body movements, and physical play. With speech and language, children have difficulty with controlling speech organs, making sounds, forming words, and controlling their breathing. With handwriting and drawing they have problems learning the basic movement patterns of images, a writing speed, and how to properly hold a writing instrument. With body movements, children often encounter problems with timing, balance; they have issues with combining movements into a sequence and remembering the next movement in a sequence. With physical play, children tend to have problems with ball movements, or skills such as pouring dirt, and using tools.

While many children suffer from learning disabilities the key is to get a child checked out by their doctor as early as possible. The doctor will detail the child’s developmental history, and milestones. This will enable them to get a better understand of what your child is and is not doing. Other motor skill tests will be conducted, and based on this information, a diagnosis can be made and treatment planned.

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